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Bush Banana is a climbing woody vine found growing on other shrubs and trees. Its flowers are creamy in color. The thick narrow leaves grow from a short stock, and the fruits are pear-shaped. Bush Banana is widely distributed throughout Australia. Often vines are found growing in dry creek beds and water courses in arid zones. Bush banana is a potent plant to Aboriginal people. The fruits have good nutritional medicinal value. The extract and paste of leaves are often used to treat pains, stomach upset, flu, etc. Bush Banana has many Aboriginal names. One of the Aboriginal names is Anangkwe.

Bush banana is a totemic plant that is often featured by many Aboriginal artists in their artworks. Donna Abbost is an experienced and skillful artist from Alice Springs, Northern Territory. Her usage of color and design makes her work unique. Donna’s dreaming is Banana and she learned painting from her parents.

Marlene is a very soft speaker. Her artworks are widely sold. Alice spring is a semi-desert area. However, wild bush berries grow heavily after the rain. Flowers blossom almost everywhere. Marlene could not go past without depicting beautiful wild bush berry’s after the rain. It is a beautiful piece of work. Marlene is a well-known Aboriginal artist in NT.

Green and Brown berry’s grow in water-soaked mud street sides etc are shown in this masterpiece. In winter, rainfall is heavy and bush berries grow in almost every area

Tanya Price has lived in Utopia all her life. She knows the area very well and many of the famous artists of Utopia are related to her. She grew up in Utopia with her family, friends, spinifex and other trees. There is an abundance of Dreamtime bush plum trees with yellow and red fruits. One cannot miss the waterholes guarded by wild floral plants. The colours of the floral plants are predominantly reddish and yellow.

Bradly is an experienced and hardworking Aboriginal designer. His works are clear and attractive. In this design, Bradley skilfully put together various designs in one canvas. Each motive is different and colorful. Bradley dreamt various dreaming in one like Bush Food, Witchetty Grub, Kangaroo Path, Bush Dreaming, Long Neck Turtles, and Honey Ant Dreaming. Bush Food shows the plants which grow in both summer and winter seasons, in Witchetty Grub Dreaming explains the Witchetty Grub habitats around the waterhole, and kangaroo path Dreaming puts the thought of Kangaroo jumping around the bush. In bush dreaming it shows the plantation around the waterhole and how people are dependent on Vegetation. In Turtle Dreaming it shows the path of Long Neck Sea Turtles and Honey Ant Dreaming gives the idea of how they collect honey from the flowers in the bush. Bradley’s excellent designs add enormously to enhance their age-old culture of Aboriginal Dreaming.

Tiwi name: Jipwakajimayu

Clan: Munupi

Russellina is a Tiwi woman from the Munupi clan group on Melville Island NT which is 80km north of Darwin. Her tribe is Lorrula (Solid Rock) yurruma Takaringa (Mullet). Russellina is an independent Tiwi artist currently based in Melbourne/Narrm, Wurundjeri Woi Wurrung country.

https://russellinatiwiarts.com.au/

Roseanne Morton is the daughter of Gracie Morton. Gracie is a well-known artist from Utopia. In this artwork, Roseanne beautifully depicted the white dots which represents drinking water for Kangaroo’s. The dotted lines between the waterholes are the walking paths of Kangaroo.

Kingfisher bird is the laughing Kookaburra of Australia, which lives in dry and fishless scrubland. It is sometimes called as “laughing jackass” because of its loud raucous cackle.

The Australian Kookaburra is the largest member in the family. The bird is known for its wild laughing call and the noisy inhabitant of outback, open forest and the woodland. Kookaburra is not a fish eater, it usually prefers to eat large insects, nestling birds, rodents etc. Young chicks of kookaburras stay with their parents for several years, before setting out to breed themselves.

According to Nambooka, the kingfisher teaches us about alertness and opportunity. We must first look and then decide if it is the right choices for us to benefit our lives. Nambooka’s design work is bold, colourful and attractive.

Kingfisher bird is the laughing Kookaburra of Australia, which lives in dry and fishless scrubland. It is sometimes called as “laughing jackass” because of its loud raucous cackle.

The Australian Kookaburra is the largest member in the family. The bird is known for its wild laughing call and the noisy inhabitant of outback, open forest and the woodland. Kookaburra is not a fish eater, it usually prefers to eat large insects, nestling birds, rodents etc. Young chicks of kookaburras stay with their parents for several years, before setting out to breed themselves.

According to Nambooka, the kingfisher teaches us about alertness and opportunity. We must first look and then decide if it is the right choices for us to benefit our lives. Nambooka’s design work is bold, colourful and attractive.

Meeting places are very important in Aboriginal culture. Elders and others meet together to discuss the well-being of the community. All these gatherings address one or the other interactive insights into the traditional skills, ancient stories, and day-to-day life of the Aboriginal people. The heads of the community will add their cultural experiences by sharing their mesmerized stories of ancient ancestors which are represented through their drawings. These gatherings provide an opportunity to come together to celebrate and consolidate their traditional cultural practices and identity.
Josie Cavanagh is a very good artist. She has depicted the meeting colorfully. Various circles in the artwork represent the waterholes and the people sitting around the circle to discuss their community matters.

Heather Kennedy is a skillful artist, and her works combine vibrant colors. In this artwork she describes Regeneration. After fires, plants regenerate, and the seed pods create new growth which leads to regeneration.

Barbara Egan was born on the banks of the Murray river. She moved out to Robinvale with her father. In recent times, she has focused her art practice on her connection to Robinvale and the river surrounds. Her artworks are shown in various art galleries and many private collections.

In this artwork, Barbara depicted the twisted roots of the river bed, the ripples and the natural line patterns formed in the sand. Her dreamtime of the river and the surroundings were very brilliantly postured with her tremendous art skills. She uses her art as a medium of teaching and sharing culture and knowledge.

Indigenous Australians are one among the native people on earth with traditions and customs going back to approx. 50000 years. Their belief system is built on their value & respect towards the land and the Dreamtime. Though their dreaming about land changes between different groups, the idea of creation from their ancestors stays similar; ancestors and forefathers sprang up from underneath the soil as spirits and started building mountains, rivers, waterholes, trees, and light gardens for future generations.
These ancestral spirits are considered the creators and they are part of their day-to-day life. Aboriginals belief death as a transition to another life, where they consider the spirit taking different form of life after death. Spirits / soul of these ancestral beings are transferred to a different shape such as a tree, river, mountain, garden etc.
Anette Doolan comes from Santa Terese of Central Australia. She belongs to the Doolan family and speaks Arrernte language. Her dreaming’s mainly involve Seven Sisters, Dancing Spirits, Spirit Dreaming etc.

This beautiful piece of artwork was created by Heather Kennedy. We are working to obtain the artist biography and dreamtime story.

This beautiful piece of artwork was created by Heather Kennedy. We are working to obtain the artist biography and dreamtime story.

Layla comes from Yuendumu, Northern Territory, and belongs to the Warlpiri language group. She is an accomplished indigenous artist whose paintings have been acquired by many private collectors. Her paintings are about traditional Aboriginal stories and symbols. Her Dreaming is ‘Wild Bush Flowers’ which she inherited from the ancestors however she has skill-fully developed her individual style of painting in to the canvas.

This artwork depicts bush seeds, wild flowers and pods gathered by the Aboriginal women in Central Australia. Bush seeds and pods are the staple bush tucker and they are also collected for countless other purposes, such as traditional bush medicine.

Layla comes from Yuendumu, Northern Territory, and belongs to the Warlpiri language group. She is an accomplished indigenous artist whose paintings have been acquired by many private collectors. Her paintings are about traditional Aboriginal stories and symbols. Her Dreaming is ‘Wild Bush Flowers’ which she inherited from the ancestors however she has skill-fully developed her individual style of painting in to the canvas.

This artwork depicts bush seeds, wild flowers and pods gathered by the Aboriginal women in Central Australia. Bush seeds and pods are the staple bush tucker and they are also collected for countless other purposes, such as traditional bush medicine.

Wild Seeds and Waterhole is an excellent design of Tanya’s motherland, Utopia. Many famous indigenous artists come from Utopia. Modern Aboriginal art started its journey with Jeffrey Brandon, a school teacher who was posted in Utopia to teach artworks to aboriginal children.

Tanya depicts Australia’s wild flowers and wild seeds skilfully, which were blown by wind. People around the area collect the seeds and wash them to get rid of sand and stones. They dry and powder the seeds after washing them. Women sit around the waterhole while they chat and make a tasty bread with the powder and eat it.

The Aboriginal people of Australia are the earliest surveying culture in the history of mankind. They created and managed a sustainable culture of their society and culture. They have inhabited Australia for no less than 60,000 years they used to have significant contact with trade people of other places. Dreamtime is the Aboriginal understanding of the world, its creation, and its great creation stories.

Cindy Wallace comes from the well-known Wallace family. She was born in 1973 in Santa Teresa, a place about 80km from Alice Springs. Cindy’s work on Women Body Dreaming is an excellent piece of work. ‘Awelye’ is a word that describes everything to do with a women’s ceremony which includes body painting. Awelye ceremonies women are happy to decorate their bodies with dots, lines, circular segments, and other types. Women perform Awelye ceremonies to demonstrate respect to their country including Dreamtime stories that belong to the ancestors. People are going to the Elder and discussing numerous problems without fears. Cindy performed an excellent job through her artistic brilliance. People attend corrobboree for learning, social mix, and upholding their culture and ways to preserve it.

The Aboriginal people of Australia are the earliest surveying culture in the history of mankind. They created and manage a sustainable culture of their society and culture. They have inhabited Australia for no less than 60,000 years they used to have significant contact with trade people of other places. Dreamtime is the Aboriginal understanding of the world, its creation and its great creation stories. Cindy Wallace comes from the well-known Wallace family. She was born in 1973 in Santa Teresa, a place about 80km from Alice Springs. Cindy’s work on women body Dreaming is an excellent piece of work. ‘Awelye’ in a word that describes everything to do with a women’s ceremony which includes body painting. Awelye ceremonies women are happy to decorate their bodies with dots, lines, circular segments and other types. Women perform Awelye ceremonies to demonstrate respect to their country including Dreamtime stories that belong to the ancestors. People are going to the elder and discussing numerous problems without fears. Cindy performed an excellent job through her artistic brilliance. People attend corrobboree for learning, social mix, and uphold their culture and way to preserve it.

Bradly is an experienced and hardworking Aboriginal designer. His works are clear and attractive. In this design, Bradley skillfully put together various designs in this one canvas. Each motive is different and articulate. Bradley dreamt various dreaming in one like Bush Food, Witchetty Grub, Kangaroo Path, Bush Dreaming, Long Neck Turtles and Honey Ant Dreaming. In Bush food it shows the plants which grow in both summer and winter seasons, in Witchetty Grub Dreaming explains the Witchetty Grub habitats around the waterhole, kangaroo path Dreaming puts the thought of Kangaroo jumping around the bush. In bush dreaming it show the plantation around the waterhole and how people are depended on Vegetation. In turtle dreaming it shows the path of Long Neck Sea Turtles and Honey Ant Dreaming gives the idea of how they collect honey from the flowers in the bush. Bradley’s excellent designs add enormously to enhance their age-old culture of Aboriginal Dreaming.

Nambooka is a well-known Aboriginal artist. Her artworks are distinct and focus on moral values and the nature that teaches us. This artwork is about a male southern Emu-Wren which is called Yeerung. It is the symbol of the Kurnai male warriors. Yeerung is known to the Kurnai men as their elder brother and therefore is protected by the men. Kurnai groups are mostly found in the Gippsland region

Ana is an architect who decided to explore the world, travelling and discovering herself through her passion: drawings and illustrations, empowering others to express themselves.

Her work  is immersed in different cultures, colours, landscapes and routines, she finds inspiration in all these universes.

Follow her adventures and drawings

https://www.instagram.com/entre.islas/

Originally from Colombia and currently working in Australia, Katherine Gailer creates
imaginary landscapes exploring characters, our natural environment, cultural identity and
spaces of magical realism. She graduated with honours from a Bachelor of Fine Arts and
completed an Arts Management Masters Degree– both at RMIT University. Her Practice
incorporates oil painting, murals and illustration.

Gailer’s artistic expression underscores a main theme that looks at the complex relationship
between fragility and strength, vulnerability and empowerment. Her artworks can be
interpreted as a series of confronting tensions to articulate the essence of the Feminine as a
force of relatedness in our world today.

History of the western world reveals an intentional repression of the feminine viewpoint –
leading to a dramatic disconnection to nature and our roots in something larger than
ourselves.  My work embarks on a journey towards reclaiming the feminine powers, as they
exist in the shadows, while resonating with the ever-changing flux of women experience:
Explosive, mysterious and interconnected.

My art evokes a sense of strength coupled with fragility; A delicate balance essential to all
living organisms. It celebrates resilience and liberation and clamours for an urgent need to
restore the invisible fabric that weaves together humans and nature; while treasuring
narratives in which new contemporary female identities reconnect with our natural
environment.

Recent awards include 2018 People’s Choice Award at Corangamarah Art Prize, 2018
Packer’s Art Prize (Red Rock Regional Gallery, Victoria) and 2017 ROI Art Prize (Melbourne).

Katherine Gailer
www.katherinegailer.com

Nambooka is a well-known designer in the quilting world. Her designs are clear, colourful and very attractive. In this design, Nambooka depicted the happenings around a waterhole on a summer day.

On a summer day, people wander around the bush to collect bush food and drink water from the waterholes. The semi-circles or ‘U’s are the people and their footsteps can be seen on the tracks. They use digging sticks to dig and gather food from the ground. Because of the hot day, animals like goannas, rainbow snakes, tortoises and frogs can also be seen going to the waterhole for water. Some long gum leaves (eucalyptus leaves) and fruit had fallen to the ground.

Nambooka has depicted the flying glider at night which is a symbol of strength. The pattern successfully portrays the spiritual world in the eyes of native Australians. Nambooka is a well-known designer in Victoria, Australia. Her artwork is colorful, vibrant and decorative. Aboriginal artworks are popular throughout the world and the only living ancient artworks. It’s tradition goes back 50,000 years ago revealed by carbon dating of rock painting, cave painting and more.

Brolga is the name of an amazing dancing bird, which belongs to the crane family. The Brolga’s elaborate dancing performances are partly for their own pleasure and partly a mating ritual. Female brolgas are easily distinguished from their male counterparts by their trumpeting sound while dancing. Aboriginal people have immortalised their graceful steps through dancing. There are numerous Aboriginal legends around this amazing bird.

Brolga was a beautiful girl and was obsessed with dancing. Once a romantic named Shaman, wanted her to be his wife. But brolga refused his proposal straight away. She loved dancing alone -nothing else! Sharman tried to marry Brolga in various ways, but never succeeded. Eventually Sharman convinced the supreme spirit to turn Brolga into smaller shape. Due to this intervention, Brolga became a bird. But, she became an excellent, tireless and elegant dancer, dancing with full devotion, spreading her dance; radiating joy and spontaneity. Her faultless creative expressions have inspired others to learn unique dance ever since.

June Bird was born circa 1955 at Mulga Bore in Utopia. She is a talented Aboriginal artist. M&S Textiles Australia printed one of her earlier design called “Body Painting”. This design has been very popular to our customers.
An important part women’s role in traditional Aboriginal culture into collect (gather) bush foods like beans, apples, tomatoes, cherries etc. in wooden bowl called coolamon. Yams are also collected by digging into the soil with digging sticks.
June being an experienced designer drew skillfully the fallen bush plums on the ground walking paths all around for the collectors of Bush plums and other fruits. They eat the plums and make beautiful dough for tasty breads.

In winter, after rains, new flowers become abundant. These become very decorative with bright yellow, pink and lavender colours. Wild bush onions have small bulb like onions, long slender green leaves, like thick blades of grass and have distinct onion smell. The bulbs offer a pungent onion flavour; however, the green tops are milder. These can be eaten raw and is considered an important food for Kimberly Aboriginal people. People gather bush onions by digging in the sand. The best time to gather bush onions is in April/May. Bush onions are also favourite food for native birds, known as Brolgas.

Jane is an experienced Aboriginal designer from the well-known Doolan family in Alice Springs, N.T. Jane skilfully drew bush onions (cyperus bulbosus) and wild flowers in separate garden beds in a beautiful way.

Well-known artist Jeannie Pitjara comes from Utopia, a place about 200km from Alice Springs. As an artist, she has sold many of her artworks to private collectors and art galleries in Australia and overseas. In her signature style of bold colour, Bush Yam is one of her best works, with its strong brush strokes depicting the forest bed.

Rosemary was born at Utopia (Boundary Bore) in the Northern Territory in 1945. She belongs to the Anmatyerre language group. She learnt to paint with acrylic paints during the summer project sponsored by Central Australian Aboriginal Media Association in 1988-89. Since then she has been a very prolific and brilliant artist. Her paintings are held in many galleries and private collections, both in Australia and overseas. She belongs to the same family of eminent artists as Gloria Petyarre, Kathleen Petyarre and the late Margaret Petyarre. In this work Rosemary depicts the leaves of the pencil yam plant and its seeds, which were once an important food source for the Anmatyerre people of Utopia in Central Australia. There are many Dreaming rituals attached to this plant and homage is paid by the women in their awelye ceremonies. Rosemary has used a combination of white dots to represent seeds and coloured leaves with flowing movement to beautifully depict the leaves of the bush yam moving in the gentle desert breeze.

The Corroboree is a ceremonial gathering of Aboriginal people. There are some strict unwritten regulations which attendees have to follow. At corroboree, Aboriginals interact with Dreamtime ancestors through dance, music, costumes and body decorations. Outside guests are not permitted to attend these ceremonies without the elder’s permission.

One type of corroboree does cover all the social needs. There are corroborees for various purposes such as education for children’s learning, death of a person, initiation, and others. Dance is an integral part of Aboriginal culture. It includes stories of the ancestral beings who are the creators of the universe. Dancing is learned at an early age.

Corroborees have religious connotations to relate individuals with ancestral beings. Although the attendees and organizers are responsible people, they must get final clearance from the elders. Nobody is ever allowed to make any unpleasant comments about the participants or performers.

Donne McNamarra’s a very skillful and ardent designer. Her artwork is neat and vivid. It shows people coming from various directions to attend the corroboree. Bush foods such as witchetty grubs, honey ants, bush fruits, etc. are available in the area. People are coming and sitting around the round corroboree area. Donna’s artwork is brilliant, vibrant and simply wonderful.

Dancing Spirit represents the sacred dance of ancient aboriginal ancestors since the time of creation. When dancing, these aboriginal spirits pay their respects to Mother Earth,expressing their love and admiration for the sacred land.

This beautiful piece of artwork was created by Adam Camilleri. We are working to obtain the artist’s biography and dreamtime story.

Marie Ellis is an experienced artist. She knew vividly about Alice Spring-its fauna and flora. Her artwork of ‘Four Seasons’ is an excellent piece of work. It is brilliant and neat. When there is a considerable amount of rainfall in Alice Spring visitors would be overwhelmed with the hash of wildflowers almost everywhere. Marie depicted the floral beauty of Alice Spring in her Canvas. She skilfully segmented the natural beauty of Alice into four parts. Each segment has been decorated with vibrant wildflowers together with the curvy path, waterhole, and other beauties.

Central Australia is a semi desert area. Rainfall in this area is very rare. Vegetation’s are not plenty. However, after several months of dry weather, sometimes Alice Springs get good rainfall. Suddenly area starts blooming with Australian wild flower almost everywhere. The whole territory gets a new life. Visitors are greeted with amazing array of colors of yellow, purple, red green and much more. Christine is a good artist. She belongs to the famous Doolan family. Her art is bold and neat. Christine captured the Fresh Life after Rain with great imagination and skill full artwork.

This beautiful piece of artwork was created by Natalie Ryan. We are working to obtain the artist biography and dreamtime story.

This beautiful piece of artwork was created by Marion Chapman. We are working to obtain the artist’s biography and Dreamtime story.

Meeting places are very important in Aboriginal culture. Elders and others meet together to discuss the well being of the community. All these gatherings address one or the other interactive insights into the traditional skills, ancient stories and day to day life of the Aboriginal people. The heads of the community will add their cultural experiences by sharing their mesmerized stories of ancient ancestors which are represented through their drawings. These gatherings provide an opportunity to come together to celebrate and consolidate their traditional cultural practices and identity.
Josie Cavanagh is a very good artist. She has depicted the meeting colorfully. Various circles in the artwork represent the waterholes and the people sitting around the circle to discuss their community matters.

Sturt’s Desert Rose (Gossypium Sturtianum) is the floral emblem of Northern Territory of Australia. It is a perennial shrub that has a life cycle of about 10 years. It is highly tolerant to drought and occurs naturally in sandy or gravelly soils along dry creek beds water courses, gorges or rocky slopes. It has been successfully grown in a soil mixture containing gravel with a trace amount of clay. Flowering time peaks around late winter. The rose is very tolerant in times of drought and grows well in areas with low rainfall. Beautifully drawn pictures of desert rose make it very real to the heart.

Australian Aboriginal people tell several stories about seven sisters from the Dreaming Time which is the time of the creation of the universe by their ancestors. This story of seven sisters originated from the culture of stars in the Taurus constellation.

There were seven sisters who were all beautiful and elegant. Every man who saw them wished to marry one of the sisters. One day the sisters went into the bush with their digging sticks to gather foods including wood ants, witchetty grubs, and honey ants. After a successful expedition, they sat down to enjoy a feast, never imagining that a lonely warrior named Warrumma was hiding close by, watching them. While the sisters were eating, Warrumma took away two of the digging sticks and hid them. All the sisters looked for the two lost sticks in vain but eventually the five sisters who still had their digging sticks sadly left without the two sisters whose sticks had been taken.

Clever Warrumma came out of hiding and firmly grabbed the two sisters by their waists. He promised the girls that he would take good care of them and would marry them. The two girls decided that they would pretend to agree to Warrumma’s plan, while looking out for the opportunity to escape. One day they were asked to cut pine bark to make a fire. As soon as the girls climbed the pine trees, those trees started to grow right up to the sky. Warrumma shouted in vain for the girls to come down. But they kept climbing and were soon warmly welcomed to the sky by the five sisters anxiously waiting for them, If you observe constellation carefully you may see the two freed girls as they arrive at their sisters? camp in the sky.

Artist Marlene Doolan is from Santa Teresa in the Northern Territory. In her painting, she depicts luminous heavenly bodies suspended in the desert night sky. The Milky Way is represented as clouds of dots of different sizes and major stars are represented as a large dot surrounded by circles.

Bernadene Wallace is a well-known Aboriginal designer. She worked in Karingka Art Gallery for a period. She is the daughter of Kathy Wallace. Kathy is an excellent artist. Bernadine learnt artwork and dreaming from her mother and grandmother.

Bernadene depicted the corroboree ground. In all the tribal gatherings, many people gather around to celebrate corroboree. Her artworks beautifully depict men, women and children attending the corroboree. They often discuss religion, friendships and other social matters. All the attendees are destined to maintain pious dignity of corroboree. Nobody is allowed to break the social law.

There are plenty of bush foods for everybody. Lots of social and communal discussions take place in corroboree. The circles in dots depict that people are deeply involved in discussions setting around the waterholes. The over-shape semicircles are indicating pathways to travel. Small circles in middle depict fruit trees.

Superb fairy wrens are widely known as Blue Wren. These are frequently seen in Australian parks and gardens. They are fond of open grassy areas where they can hop around, collect their foods and build their nests. At present, the number of these beautiful birds is diminishing as a result of possibly cats is preying on them or pesticides poisoning their foods. Adult male birds have rich blue and black plumage above and on the throat. The belly is a grey-white and the bill is black. The female and baby birds are often difficult to separate. They are mostly brown above with dull red-orange area around the eye and brown bill. Average size of the birds is 14cm and weighs about 10gr. There are several other spices of Blue Wrens available in Australia. They live in dome-shaped nest made up of grass and other materials. Blue Wrens have long tails which it is always upward. Patricia skillfully pictured them in her artwork.

The Aboriginal people of Australia are the earliest surveying culture in the history of mankind. They created and manage a sustainable culture of their society and culture. They have inhabited Australia for no less than 60,000 years they used to have significant contact with trade people of other places. Dreamtime is the Aboriginal understanding of the world, its creation and its great creation stories. Cindy Wallace comes from the well-known Wallace family. She was born in 1973 in Santa Teresa, a place about 80km from Alice Springs. Cindy’s work on women body Dreaming is an excellent piece of work. ‘Awelye’ in a word that describes everything to do with a women’s ceremony which includes body painting. Awelye ceremonies women are happy to decorate their bodies with dots, lines, circular segments and other types. Women perform Awelye ceremonies to demonstrate respect to their country including Dreamtime stories that belong to the ancestors. People are going to the elder and discussing numerous problems without fears. Cindy performed an excellent job through her artistic brilliance. People attend corrobboree for learning, social mix, and uphold their culture and way to preserve it.